Zika Virus :- Genome, Side Effect, Transmission, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, Precaution | Microbiology in Marathi

 Zika Virus :- Genome, Side Effect, Transmission, Pathogenesis, Diagnosis, Treatment, Precaution | Microbiology in Marathi 

Zika Infection (ZIKV) is mosquito-borne flavivirus which was first recognized in Zika Woods of Uganda in 1947 in rhesus monkeys. It was subsequently recognized in people in 1968. It was first recognized in Nigeria. Different various flare-ups of Zika infection illness kept in Africa. Zika infection is likewise kept in the Americas, Asia and the Pacific. Zika infection disease is brought about by the nibble of a contaminated Aedes mosquito. It as a rule causing gentle fever, rash, conjunctivitis, and muscle torment. In Brazil in May 2015, the Skillet American Wellbeing Association (PAHO) affirmed an alarm with respect to the principal Zika infection diseases.

Zika virus are more dangerous virus because it make direct connection with the microcephaly. Microcephaly means birth defect of new born baby. Virus infect the pregnant women and it make neurological disorder that result the babies are born with abnormal small head. Mainly in Brazil so many cases of microcephaly are confirmed because of zika virus. In most of pregnant women, symptoms of this virus are mild like fever, head ache and pink eye but so many infected women are not get they are suffer with this disease.




Bunch: Gathering IV ((+) ssRNA)
Family: Flaviviridae
Class: Flavivirus
Species: Zika infection


Design of Zika Infection :-
1. The virion of zika infection is roughly 40 nm in distance across.
2. Zika infection surface projections that action about 5-10 nm.
3. Nucleo capsid is 25-30 nm in width encompassed by a host-layer determined lipid bilayer.
4. Zika infection predominantly contains envelope proteins E and proteins M.

Genome of Zika infection :-
1. Non-portioned, single-abandoned, positive-sense RNA genome
2. 10794 bases in length with two non-coding areas flanking districts known as the 5′ NCR and the 3′ NCR.


Sign and Side effects of Zika Infection :-
Cerebral pain
Fever
Skin rashes (exanthema)
Pink eye
Conjunctivitis
Muscle and joint agony
Discomfort
This all Side effects are like the dengue or chikungunya.



The study of disease transmission of Zika infection :-
1. The infection was first confined in 1947 from a rhesus macaque in the Zika Woods of Uganda.
2. It was subsequently recognized in people in 1968 without precedent for Nigeria
3. The main significant flare-up, with 185 affirmed cases, was accounted for in 2007 in the Gab Islands.
4. The principal cases affirmed in Brazil was in May 2015 and the nation is as of now encountering the biggest pestilence at any point recorded with 440,000 to 1,300,000 thought cases detailed by the Brazilian wellbeing specialists.
5. There are 3174 cases and 38 passings from microcephaly in Brazil starting around 21 October 2015.
6. There has been complete demise of 152 starting around 21 October 2015 on the planet.


Impacted Nations:
Barbados, Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, the Dominican Republic, Ecuador, El Salvador, French Guiana, Guatemala, Guadeloupe, Guyana, Haiti, Honduras, Martinique, Mexico, Panama, Paraguay, Puerto Rico, Holy person Martin, Suriname, and Venezuela.


Zika Infection in India :-
1. India report the first zika infection contamination case in gujrat in year 2016.
2. In maharashtra, principally chembur, mumbai, ichalkaranji, miraj, kolhapur, pune and pandharpur cases are accounted for with respect to zika infection contamination.
3. A 55 year elderly people ladies are first zika infection contaminated individual in pune.


Transmission of Zika infection :-
1. Zika infection is sent starting with one individuals then onto the next through the chomp of a tainted Aedes mosquito, predominantly Aedes aegypti in tropical locales.
2. There has been one report of conceivable spread of the infection through blood bonding and one report of conceivable spread of the infection through sexual contact.
3. In 2015, Zika infection RNA was recognized in the amniotic liquid of two fetuses,indicating that it had crossed the placenta and could make a mother kid contamination.
4. The Asian tiger mosquito, Aedes albopictus, is likewise known to send the infection, yet it isn't clear how proficiently.
5. Until now, there are no reports of babies helping Zika infection through breastfeeding.


Pathogenesis of Zika Infection :-
1. Brooding period in mosquitoes is around 10 days.
2. The vertebrate hosts of the infection are fundamentally monkeys and people.
3. The pathogenesis of the infection is
speculated to begin with a disease of dendritic cells close to the site of immunization, trailed by a spread to lymph hubs and the circulation system.
4. Flaviviruses for the most part imitate in the cytoplasm, yet Zika infection antigens have been tracked down in tainted cell cores.
5. Contamination with the infection has all the earmarks of being connected to the improvement of abnormally little heads and mind harm in babies (microcephaly).
6. The most risky time is believed to be during the main trimester of Pregnancy-when a few ladies don't understand they are pregnant.
7. Specialists don't have the foggiest idea how the infection enters the placenta and harms the developing cerebrum of the embryo.

Determination of Zika Infection:-

Test: Blood, Spit, Pee.

PCR: It is valuable in the initial 3-5 days after the beginning of side effects. It helps in the immediate discovery of Zika infection RNA or explicit viral antigens in clinical examples.

Serology Test: It identify the presence of antibodies yet are valuable solely after five days.


Treatment of Zika Infection:-
There is no particular treatment or immunization as of now accessible.


Counteraction and Control of Zika Infection:-
1. Stay away from movement to regions with a functioning pervasion.
2. Voyagers ought to take the essential
insurances to safeguard themselves from mosquito nibbles.
3. During episodes, wellbeing specialists might inform that splashing concerning bug sprays be completed.
4. Lessening mosquito populaces and keeping away from chomps, which happen predominantly during the day.
5. Wiping out and controlling Aedes aegypti mosquito rearing destinations decreases the possibilities that Zika will be communicated.